Cardiovascular risk among community members in three communities in the Cape Metropole of the Western Cape

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases pose a risk to population health in South Africa and are responsible for almost one in six deaths (17.3%).

Aim: To determine the cardiovascular risk among community members who attended a community outreach programme.

Setting: Three communities in the Cape Metropole of the Western Cape.

Methods: A health survey was conducted with 783 participants, 18 years and older, conveniently sampled. The survey included questions about cardiovascular risk factors, and biometric measurements of blood pressure (BP), height and weight were conducted.

Results: A total of 777 participants were included in the study. Most participants were female (529, 68.1%), with an average age of 42.3 years (s.d. 14.2). Risk behaviours reported included smoking (216, 27.8%), consuming more than two drinks of alcohol daily (78, 10%), low physical activity (384, 49.4%), being stressed on most days (436, 56.1%) and unhealthy eating habits (253, 32.6%). More than half of the participants (402, 51.7%) had a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30, 26.0% (202) had a systolic BP of ≥ 140 mm Hg and 22.4% (174) had a diastolic BP of ≥ 90 mm Hg; 16.6% (130) had a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of 10–20 and 19.3% (150) had a CVD risk of > 20%.

Conclusion: Nearly a fifth of the participants had a significant probability of developing heart disease or experiencing a stroke over the next 10 years.

Contribution: There is an urgent need for comprehensive health promotion and behaviour change interventions focused on reducing CVD risk factors at the community level.