Original Research

The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in diabetic subjects in south-west Nigeria

Bolaji O. Oyelade, Akintayo D. OlaOlorun, Louis O. Odeigah, Isaac O. Amole, Olufemi S. Adediran
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine | Vol 4, No 1 | a354 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v4i1.354 | © 2012 Bolaji O. Oyelade, Akintayo D. OlaOlorun, Louis O. Odeigah, Isaac O. Amole, Olufemi S. Adediran | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 18 August 2011 | Published: 03 October 2012

About the author(s)

Bolaji O. Oyelade, Lautech Health Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Akintayo D. OlaOlorun, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Louis O. Odeigah, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Isaac O. Amole, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Olufemi S. Adediran, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is rarely sought for and generally underdiagnosed even in diabetics in developing countries like Nigeria. PAD is easily detected and diagnosed by the ankle-brachial index, a simple and reliable test.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of PAD in diabetic subjects aged 50–89 years and the value of ankle-brachial index measurement in the detection of PAD.

Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 219 diabetic subjects aged 50–89 years was carried out. The participants were administered a pre-tested questionnaire and measurement of ankle-brachial index (ABI) was done. The ankle-brachial index < 0.90 was considered equivalent to peripheral arterial disease.

Results: The overall prevalence of PAD was 52.5%. The prevalence of symptomatic PAD was 28.7% whilst that of asymptomatic PAD was 71.3%. There were a number of associations with PAD which included, age (p < 0.05), sex (p < 0.05), and marital status (p < 0.05). The use of the ankle-brachial index in the detection of PAD was clearly more reliable than the clinical methods like history of intermittent claudication and absence or presence of pedal pulses.

Conclusion: The prevalence of PAD is relatively high in diabetic subjects in the southwestern region of Nigeria. Notable is the fact that a higher proportion was asymptomatic. Also the use of ABI is of great value in the detection of PAD as evidenced by a clearly more objective assessment of PAD compared to both intermittent claudication and absent pedal pulses.


Keywords

Ankle brachial index; diabetes mellitus; Nigeria; Ogbomoso; peripheral arterial disease.

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