Hearing screening of Grade R learners in Qumbu: Referral rates and potential hearing loss

Abstract

Background: Hearing loss in children has a profound impact on development. It negatively affects speech production, language acquisition, social interaction and early cognitive growth. These challenges influence emergent literacy if undetected and untreated.
Aim: This study aimed to determine the referral rate and potential prevalence of hearing loss among Grade R learners in the Qumbu Circuit Management Centre (CMC).
Setting: Nine primary schools located in Qumbu CMC, a rural area within the O.R. Tambo Inland District of the Eastern Cape province, South Africa.
Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used. Out of 215 schools, 10 were conveniently selected using Slovin’s formula. From these, 259 Grade R learners aged 5–6 years were randomly selected to participate. Hearing screening followed the minimum standards for school-based screening set by the Professional Board for Speech, Language, and Hearing Professions in October 2018. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.
Results: Screening outcomes revealed that 25.5% of the learners presented with ear-related conditions requiring referral for further diagnostic evaluation and management. Conditions on findings included wax impaction and otitis media.
Conclusion: The study revealed a notable referral rate and potential prevalence of both temporary and permanent hearing loss among learners in Qumbu CMC. These results emphasise the importance of regular screening, early detection and timely intervention in underserved rural communities.
Contribution: This study provides baseline data to guide future research and inform planning for hearing healthcare in the Eastern Cape.